Tin
Electron Configuration: 2,8,18,18,4
Enthalpy of Fusion (kJ mol-1): 7.2
Enthalpy of Vaporisation (kJ mol-1): 296.2
Atomic Radii
Atomic Radius 145 pm
Bohr Radius 145 pm
Covalent Radius 141 pm
Van der Waals 217 pm
Oxidation States
Main Sn+2, Sn+4
Other
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 708.6
M+ - M2+ 1411.8
M2+ - M3+ 2943
M3+ - M4+ 3930.2
M4+ - M5+ 6974
M5+ - M6+ 9900
M6+ - M7+ 12200
M7+ - M8+ 14600
M8+ - M9+ 17000
M9+ - M10+ 20600
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1)
Sn-H 314
Sn-C 225
Sn+2-O 557
Sn+4-F 322
Sn+4-Cl 315
Sn-Sn 195