Gadolinium
Electron Configuration: 2,8,18,25,9,2
Enthalpy of Fusion (kJ mol-1): 15.5
Enthalpy of Vaporisation (kJ mol-1): 301
Atomic Radii
Atomic Radius 180 pm
Bohr Radius 233 pm
Covalent Radius 161 pm
Van der Waals 0 pm
Oxidation States
Main Gd+2, Gd+3
Other
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 592.5
M+ - M2+ 1167
M2+ - M3+ 1990
M3+ - M4+ 4250