Copper
Electron Configuration: 2,8,18,1
Enthalpy of Fusion (kJ mol-1): 13.0
Enthalpy of Vaporisation (kJ mol-1): 306.7
Atomic Radii
Atomic Radius 135 pm
Bohr Radius 145 pm
Covalent Radius 138 pm
Van der Waals 140 pm
Oxidation States
Main Cu+2
Other Cu-1, Cu0, Cu+1, Cu+3, Cu+4
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 745.4
M+ - M2+ 1958
M2+ - M3+ 3554
M3+ - M4+ 5326
M4+ - M5+ 7709
M5+ - M6+ 9940
M6+ - M7+ 13400
M7+ - M8+ 16000
M8+ - M9+ 19200
M9+ - M10+ 22400