Ruthenium
Electron Configuration: 2,8,18,15,1
Enthalpy of Fusion (kJ mol-1): 23.7
Enthalpy of Vaporisation (kJ mol-1): 567
Atomic Radii
Atomic Radius 130 pm
Bohr Radius 178 pm
Covalent Radius 126 pm
Van der Waals 0 pm
Oxidation States
Main Ru+3
Other Ru-2, Ru0, Ru+1, Ru+2, Ru+4, Ru+5, Ru+6, Ru+7, Ru+8
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 711
M+ - M2+ 1617
M2+ - M3+ 2747
M3+ - M4+ 4500
M4+ - M5+ 6100
M5+ - M6+ 7800
M6+ - M7+ 9600
M7+ - M8+ 11500
M8+ - M9+ 18700
M9+ - M10+ 20900