Lead
Electron Configuration: 2,8,18,32,18,4
Enthalpy of Fusion (kJ mol-1): 5.12
Enthalpy of Vaporisation (kJ mol-1): 177.8
Atomic Radii
Atomic Radius 180 pm
Bohr Radius 154 pm
Covalent Radius 147 pm
Van der Waals 202 pm
Oxidation States
Main Pb+2, Pb+4
Other
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 715.5
M+ - M2+ 1450.4
M2+ - M3+ 3081.5
M3+ - M4+ 4083
M4+ - M5+ 6640
M5+ - M6+ 8100
M6+ - M7+ 9100
M7+ - M8+ 11800
M8+ - M9+ 13700
M9+ - M10+ 16700
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1)
Pb-H 180
Pb-C 130
Pb-O 398
Pb-F 314
Pb-Cl 244
Pb-Pb 100